| 1 | Linux Commands |
| 2 | What are some basic Linux commands? |
| 3 | Below you will find a list of basic Linux commands. |
| 4 | |
| 5 | ls Show files and folder in the current folder |
| 6 | cp Copy files from one location to another, ex. cp filename newdir/filename |
| 7 | less Opens a textfile in read-only, ex less filename |
| 8 | cd .. Changes directory - one level lower. If you use cd /folder name - it will change directory to that folder. |
| 9 | |
| 10 | |
| 11 | |
| 12 | Commonly-Used SGE Commands |
| 13 | qsub Submit a Job |
| 14 | qstat Determine the Status of a Job |
| 15 | qdel Cancel a job |
| 16 | qhold Place a hold on a queued job to prevent it from running |
| 17 | qrls Release a job held with qhold |
| 18 | qhost Display Node Information |
| 19 | qmon An X-Windows interface to SGE commands |
| 20 | |
| 21 | Here are more with links to the syntax: |
| 22 | A |
| 23 | alias Create your own name for a command |
| 24 | arch print machine architecture |
| 25 | ash ash command interpreter (shell) |
| 26 | awk (gawk) pattern scanning and processing language |
| 27 | |
| 28 | |
| 29 | B |
| 30 | basename Remove directory and suffix from a file name |
| 31 | bash GNU Bourne-Again Shell |
| 32 | bsh Command interpreter (Shell) |
| 33 | bc Command line calculator |
| 34 | bunzip2 Unzip .bz2 files |
| 35 | |
| 36 | |
| 37 | C |
| 38 | cat Concatenate a file print it to the screen |
| 39 | chgrp Change the group designation of a file |
| 40 | chmod Change file permissions |
| 41 | chown Change the owner of a file |
| 42 | cjpeg Compress an image file to a JPEG file |
| 43 | clear Clear terminal screen (command line) |
| 44 | comm Compare two sorted files |
| 45 | stty cooked Formatting the display of text in a terminal |
| 46 | cp Copy command |
| 47 | cpio Copy files to and from archives |
| 48 | csh C Shell |
| 49 | cut Print selected parts of lines to standard output |
| 50 | |
| 51 | |
| 52 | D |
| 53 | date Display date and time |
| 54 | dc Command line calculator |
| 55 | df Show amount of disk space free |
| 56 | diff Determine difference between two files |
| 57 | diff3 Determine difference between 3 files |
| 58 | dig Interrogate DNS name servers |
| 59 | djpeg Decompress a JPEG file to an image file |
| 60 | dmesg Print or control the kernel ring buffer (print out bootup messages) |
| 61 | dnsdomainname Show the system's DNS domain name |
| 62 | doexec Run an executable with an arbitrary argv |
| 63 | domainname Show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name |
| 64 | dos2unix Converts plain text files in DOS/MAC format to UNIX format |
| 65 | du Show disk useage |
| 66 | dumpkeys Write keyboard driver's translation tables to std output |
| 67 | |
| 68 | |
| 69 | E |
| 70 | echo Display a line of text |
| 71 | ed Line-oriented text editor |
| 72 | egrep Print lines matching a pattern |
| 73 | elinks A text mode WWW browser (supports frames) |
| 74 | env Dislay the path |
| 75 | ex Start Vim in ex mode |
| 76 | eject Eject media from device ( command line ) |
| 77 | |
| 78 | |
| 79 | F |
| 80 | factor Display prime factors of a number |
| 81 | false Exit with a status code indicating failure |
| 82 | fdisk The fdisk command with usage examples |
| 83 | fgrep Variant of grep |
| 84 | find Find a file |
| 85 | finger Displays information about the system users |
| 86 | fixps Try to fix common PostScript problems that break postprocessing |
| 87 | free Display free memory |
| 88 | |
| 89 | |
| 90 | G |
| 91 | grep Search for a pattern using regular expression |
| 92 | gtar See the tar command |
| 93 | gunzip Unzip .gz files |
| 94 | gzip Compress using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77) |
| 95 | |
| 96 | |
| 97 | H |
| 98 | halt Stop the system |
| 99 | hdparm Get/set harddisk parameters |
| 100 | head Print the first 10 lines of a file to standard output |
| 101 | hostname Show or set the system's host name |
| 102 | history Display entire command history |
| 103 | HISTSIZE Change history size |
| 104 | httpd Start Apache |
| 105 | |
| 106 | |
| 107 | I |
| 108 | identify Describes the format and characteristics of image files. |
| 109 | id Print information for username, or the current user |
| 110 | ifconfig Display network and hardware addresses |
| 111 | igawk Gawk with include files |
| 112 | ipcalc Calculate IP information for a host |
| 113 | |
| 114 | |
| 115 | K |
| 116 | kbd_mode Report or set the keyboard mode (RAW, MEDI- UMRAW or XLATE) |
| 117 | kill Terminate a process |
| 118 | |
| 119 | |
| 120 | L |
| 121 | last Show listing of last logged in users |
| 122 | lastlog Formats and prints the contents of the last login log /var/log/lastlog file |
| 123 | link Call the link function to create a link to a file |
| 124 | links See elinks |
| 125 | ln Create a link to the specified TARGET with optional LINK_NAME |
| 126 | loadkeys Load keyboard translation tables |
| 127 | locate Locate a file |
| 128 | login Sign on |
| 129 | look Displays any lines in file which contain "string" as a prefix. |
| 130 | ls List directory contents |
| 131 | lsmod List loaded kernel modules |
| 132 | lynx Command to start the Lynx browser |
| 133 | |
| 134 | |
| 135 | M |
| 136 | mac2unix Converts plain text files in DOS/MAC format to UNIX format |
| 137 | mail A mail processing system, which has a command syntax like ed |
| 138 | man Display a particular manual entry |
| 139 | manweb Manweb is part of the Netpbm package |
| 140 | mdu Display the amount of space occupied by an MSDOS directory |
| 141 | mkdir Create a directory |
| 142 | mkfs Make a filesystem on a drive |
| 143 | mknod Make block or character special files |
| 144 | mktemp Make temporary filename (unique) |
| 145 | more Page through text one screenful at a time. |
| 146 | mount Mount a filesystem/device |
| 147 | mt Control magnetic tape drive operation |
| 148 | mv Move and / or rename files |
| 149 | |
| 150 | |
| 151 | : |
| 152 | |
| 153 | |
| 154 | |
| 155 | |
| 156 | |
| 157 | N |
| 158 | namei Follow a pathname until a terminal point is found |
| 159 | nano An enhanced free Pico clone |
| 160 | nc arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens |
| 161 | (note that nc is also called the client interface |
| 162 | to the NEdit program but it is not the |
| 163 | command that invokes nedit-nc on current systems) |
| 164 | ncftp Browser program for the File Transfer Protocol |
| 165 | nedit-nc nedit-nc is the client interface to the NEdit text editor |
| 166 | netstat Display verbose info about network processes and ports |
| 167 | nice Run a command with modified priority |
| 168 | nisdomainname Show or set system's NIS/YP domain name |
| 169 | nslookup query internet domain name servers |
| 170 | |
| 171 | |
| 172 | P |
| 173 | paste Merge lines of files |
| 174 | pdf2dsc Generate a PostScript page list of a PDF document |
| 175 | pdf2ps Convert PDF file "input.pdf" to PostScript(tm) in "output.ps" |
| 176 | pdfinfo Print contents of the 'Info' dictionary (plus some other useful information) from a PDF file |
| 177 | pdftotext Convert pdf files to plain text |
| 178 | perl (start) Practical Extraction and Report Language |
| 179 | pgawk The profiling version of gawk |
| 180 | pico Text editor that comes with Pine (from the University of Washington) |
| 181 | pine Email program used by The University of Washington |
| 182 | ping6 Ping |
| 183 | ping Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts |
| 184 | pinky A lightweight 'finger' program; |
| 185 | pr Format for printing |
| 186 | ps Processes running |
| 187 | ps2ascii Ghostscript translator from PostScript or PDF to ASCII |
| 188 | ps2epsi Generate conforming Encapsulated PostScript |
| 189 | ps2frag Obsolete shell script for the PSfrag system |
| 190 | ps2pdf12 Convert PostScript to PDF 1.2 (Acrobat 3 and later compatible) using ghostscript |
| 191 | ps2pdf13 Convert PostScript to PDF 1.3 (Acrobat 4 and later compatible) using ghostscript |
| 192 | ps2pdf14 Use ps2pdfwr: Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying Compatibility Level, using ghostscript |
| 193 | ps2pdf Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript |
| 194 | ps2pdfwr Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying Compatibility Level, using ghostscript |
| 195 | ps2pk creates a TeX pkfont from a type1 PostScript font |
| 196 | ps2ps ps2ps uses gs to convert PostScript(tm) file "input.ps" to simpler and (usually) faster PostScript in "output.ps" |
| 197 | psbook Rearranges pages from a PostScript document into "signatures" for printing books or booklets |
| 198 | pwd Print Working Directory |
| 199 | |
| 200 | |
| 201 | Q |
| 202 | quota display disk usage and limits |
| 203 | |
| 204 | |
| 205 | R |
| 206 | resize Xterm window size |
| 207 | readelf Displays information about ELF files |
| 208 | reboot Stop the system, poweroff, reboot |
| 209 | red red is a restricted ed: it can only edit files in the current directory and cannot execute shell commands |
| 210 | rename Rename files |
| 211 | rmdir Remove a directory |
| 212 | rm Remove files or directories |
| 213 | rpm rpm command options |
| 214 | rundig Sample script to create a search database for ht://Dig |
| 215 | rview The GUI version of Vim in easy mode with restrictions |
| 216 | rvi Vi / Vim editor |
| 217 | |
| 218 | |
| 219 | S |
| 220 | sed Stream editor |
| 221 | setfont Load EGA/VGA console screen font |
| 222 | set gid Set group id |
| 223 | set serial Get / set Linux serial port info |
| 224 | set uid Set user id |
| 225 | sfdisk Modified fdisk program |
| 226 | sftp Secure file transfer protocol (ftp) |
| 227 | sh Shell (BASH) |
| 228 | shred Safely remove data from disk drive |
| 229 | sleep Delay for a specified amount of time |
| 230 | slocate Security Enhanced version of the GNU Locate |
| 231 | sort Sort lines of a text file |
| 232 | ssh Secure shell connection command |
| 233 | stty change and print terminal line settings |
| 234 | stty raw Unformatted output to terminal |
| 235 | su Become super user ( root ) |
| 236 | switchdesk Graphical and text mode interface for choosing desktop environment |
| 237 | sync Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block |
| 238 | ssh Secure shell connection command |
| 239 | |
| 240 | |
| 241 | T |
| 242 | tail Print the last 10 Lines of a file standard output |
| 243 | tar Create an Archive |
| 244 | tcsh Enhanced completely compatible version of the Berkeley UNIX C shell, csh |
| 245 | tee Copy standard input to each file, and also to standard output |
| 246 | telnet User interface to the telnet protocol |
| 247 | time Run the specified program command with the given arguments |
| 248 | touch Change file timestamps |
| 249 | tracepath6 See tracepath |
| 250 | tracepath Trace path to a network host discovering MTU along this path |
| 251 | traceroute6 See traceroute |
| 252 | traceroute Print the route packets take to network host |
| 253 | tree Display file tree |
| 254 | true Exit with a status code indicating success |
| 255 | tty Print name of terminal connected to standard output |
| 256 | |
| 257 | |
| 258 | U |
| 259 | umask File creation mask / Bash builtins |
| 260 | umount Detache file system(s) mentioned from file hierarchy |
| 261 | uname Print system information ( kernel version ) |
| 262 | unicode_start Put keyboard and console into Unicode (UTF-8) mode |
| 263 | unicode_stop Undo the effect of unicode_start |
| 264 | unlink Call the unlink function to remove the specified file |
| 265 | uniq Remove duplicate lines from sorted file |
| 266 | updatedb Update the slocate database |
| 267 | unset gid Group id change |
| 268 | unset uid User id change |
| 269 | untar Unarchive ( untar ) a file |
| 270 | unzip Unzip .zip files |
| 271 | useradd Add new user |
| 272 | users Output who is currently logged in according to system records |
| 273 | usleep Sleep a given number of microseconds. default is 1 |
| 274 | |
| 275 | |
| 276 | V |
| 277 | view Start vim in read-only mode |
| 278 | vi Start the vi editor |
| 279 | |
| 280 | |
| 281 | W |
| 282 | w Show who is logged on and what they are doing |
| 283 | wc Word count of a file |
| 284 | wget Non-interactive download of files from the Web |
| 285 | whatis Search the whatis database for complete words (command names) |
| 286 | whereis Locate a command or file |
| 287 | which Find command path |
| 288 | whoami Print effective userid |
| 289 | who show who is logged on |
| 290 | whois Client for the whois service |
| 291 | |
| 292 | |
| 293 | X,Y,Z |
| 294 | xinit Start Xserver |
| 295 | xpdf Portable Document Format (PDF) file viewer for X windows |
| 296 | xrandr Change resolution running Xwindows ( command line ) |
| 297 | ypdomainname show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name |
| 298 | zcat Compress or expand files |
| 299 | zip Compression and file packaging utility for Unix, VMS, MSDOS, OS/2, Windows NT, Minix, |
| 300 | Atari and Macintosh, Amiga and Acorn RISC OS. It is analogous to a |
| 301 | combination of the UNIX commands tar(1) and compress(1) and is |
| 302 | compatible with PKZIP (Phil Katz’s ZIP for MSDOS |
| 303 | systems) |
| 304 | zipinfo List detailed information about a ZIP archive |